1、 Core requirements and performance comparison of GRS certification system
Certification standards and material composition
Proportion of recycled materials: The GRS 4.0 standard requires that the content of recycled materials in the product be ≥ 20%, and complete supply chain traceability documents (such as TC transaction certificates) must be provided. In 2025, the EU's Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) further requires that the content of recycled materials in packaging should be ≥ 70% by 2030, and GRS certification becomes the basic entry threshold.
Material type: Mainstream materials include recycled polyester (rPET), recycled polypropylene (rPP), etc., with a recycling ratio covering 30% -100%. For example, the GRS plastic bags produced by Xiamen Jieze use 30% -100% rPET, which has a tensile strength 10% higher than ordinary PE bags and better puncture resistance.
Certification Collaboration: GRS can complement OEKO-TEX (Hazardous Substance Testing), FSC (Forest Certification), ISCC (Sustainable Materials Certification), and meet the demands of the high-end market. For example, luxury goods packaging uses rPET non-woven fabric certified by GRS+FSC, while meeting environmental and sustainable procurement requirements.
Comparison of performance indicators
Physical properties: Through compatibilizer modification technology, the tensile strength of GRS non-woven fabric reaches 12-18MPa, and the elongation at break is 200% -300%, approaching the level of traditional non-woven fabric. Kodebao Evolon ®  The microfiber non-woven fabric has been certified by HP Latex Ink, achieving museum level color rendering effect and resisting UV aging for up to 2000 hours (Δ E<3).
Chemical performance: It must comply with the ZDHC zero emission standard for harmful chemicals, and azo dyes, heavy metals, etc. are prohibited. In 2025, the EU REACH regulation's SVHC list has been updated to 242 items, and environmentally friendly inks (such as water-based inks and UV inks) must pass strict testing.
Environmental performance: 100% recyclable design, with a carbon footprint 30% -50% lower than that of virgin plastics. Tesla uses rPP non-woven seat fabric, which has a wear resistance of ≥ 20000 times and complies with the EU REACH regulation.
Differences from other certification systems
OEKO-TEX: focuses on harmful substance detection, while GRS emphasizes the proportion of recycled materials and supply chain traceability. The combination of the two can enhance brand competitiveness. For example, ZARA and H&M use rPE/rPP shopping bags certified by GRS+OEKO-TEX, which meet the requirements of the EU SUP directive.
RCS certification: applicable to products with a recycled material content of ≥ 5%, and can be used as a supplement to GRS during the transition period. In 2025, the European Union will allow RCS certified products to be used during the transition period, but they will need to be upgraded to GRS in the long term.

2、 Analysis of printing adaptability of GRS non-woven fabric
Selection and optimization of printing technology
Screen printing: suitable for simple patterns, using water-based ink (acrylic system), requiring corona treatment to increase surface tension to 38-42mN/m, and ink adhesion to level 3B (ASTM D3359). Xiamen Jieze uses a combination process of corona discharge and primer to reduce ink usage by 10% -15% while improving adhesion stability.
Gravure printing: suitable for large-area color patterns, achieved through peritoneal process (PP film composite) to achieve high-definition printing, waterproof up to IPX4 level. Attention should be paid to the influence of the surface roughness of recycled materials on the printing accuracy. It is recommended to use laser engraving rollers to improve the accuracy.
Heat transfer printing: suitable for complex small area patterns (such as logos), achieving color saturation ≥ 90% Adobe RGB through high-temperature resistant coating (temperature resistance ≥ 180 ℃). The Bubble Mart DIMOO Earth Day figurine adopts heat transfer printing+plasma treatment, and the surface of 55% recycled material achieves high-precision pattern printing.
Surface treatment technology
Corona treatment: Low cost (about 0.02 yuan/㎡), suitable for large-scale production, can improve ink adhesion by 20% -30%. Xiamen Jieze has improved the uniformity of treatment to over 95% by optimizing corona parameters.
Plasma treatment: Through argon/oxygen plasma etching, the surface energy is increased to over 45mN/m, suitable for high-end printing (such as medical labels). Kodebao adopts plasma treatment technology to achieve nanoscale modification of non-woven fabric surface and improve ink durability.
Ink and coating compatibility
Water based ink: Complies with REACH regulations and has the best compatibility with GRS non-woven fabric. By 2025, bio based water-based inks (such as PLA based) have been widely applied, with drying speeds increased to 15m/min and water resistance reaching IPX5 level.
UV ink: fast curing speed (≤ 1 second), requires the addition of adhesion promoters (such as silane coupling agents). Dehui Sheng TS900 UV ink has passed GRS certification and has an adhesion strength of 4B level on rPET non-woven fabric, with a cost reduction of 12% compared to traditional UV ink.
Coating technology: Nano silica coating (thickness 2-5 μ m) can improve friction resistance (color fastness ≥ 4 levels after 500 cycles) while maintaining breathability. Weilijie luggage adopts nano coating technology to achieve a balance between rPET surface wear resistance and glossiness.

3、 Practical application cases and industry trends
Packaging field
Fast fashion brands: ZARA and H&M use 30% -50% rPET non-woven shopping bags, with a printing process mainly consisting of screen printing and heat transfer printing. The ink adhesion reaches 4B level, meeting the requirements of the EU SUP directive. In 2025, its procurement volume will increase by 120% year-on-year.
Luxury packaging: Stella McCartney uses 100% rPET non-woven dust-proof bags and achieves hot stamping process through plasma treatment, with a metal luster retention rate of ≥ 95%. Its supply chain adopts blockchain technology to achieve full traceability.
Non packaging field
Medical protection: Medical GRS non-woven fabric (such as surgical gowns) needs to be sterilized with ISO 11135 ethylene oxide, printed with food grade water-based ink, and have biocompatibility up to ISO 10993-5 standard. The Kodebao M1714 wound pad component is made of bio based fibers and can be industrially composted.
Car interior: Tesla uses rPP non-woven seat fabric, which achieves faux leather texture through intaglio printing, with a wear resistance of ≥ 20000 times. The bottom guard of Kodebao car is made of 100% rPET non-woven fabric, which reduces weight by 15% -40%.
Industry Trends
Technological innovation: Bio based inks (such as PLA based) and intelligent printing (NFC chip integration) have become hot topics. By 2025, the market size of bio based ink will reach 2.1 billion US dollars, with an annual growth rate of 18.7%.
Policy driven: The EU will completely ban non GRS certified packaging by 2030, driving an annual increase of 19% in demand for recycled non-woven printing. China provides a 6% procurement subsidy and a 13% export tax rebate to GRS certified enterprises, reducing unit costs to 1.1-1.2 times that of traditional materials.
Circular Economy: Keppel establishes a closed-loop recycling system to collect waste materials from Southeast Asian customers for recycling, achieving zero waste production. Pingyang Shengxing uses discarded fishing nets to produce rPET non-woven fabric, reducing plastic waste by 2000 tons annually.